ABSTRACT: Aquifer characterization and source protection in the Norfolk Sand Plain of southwestern Ontario.

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Abstract

Groundwater studies are being completed across the Province of Ontario to characterize aquifers and to delineate wellhead protection areas. In many cases, these studies are conducted at a watershed scale, crossing municipal government boundaries. These studies are providing the basis for recommended groundwater source protection and management strategies, best management practices, incentive programs, public education activities, and land-use planning policies. The Norfolk Municipal Groundwater Study was completed in May 2003 for Norfolk County, in partnership with the Long Point Region Conservation Authority, Haldimand-Norfolk Health Unit, and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. The study area included the urban and rural areas of the 14 watersheds within the jurisdiction of the conservation authority, comprising a total area of about 2 900 sq. km. The Norfolk Sand Plain represents about 70 percent of the surficial Quaternary deposits across this area. Land use is predominantly agriculture, but also includes significant urban, wetland, and forested areas. One of the priorities identified in the final report was to develop municipal groundwater source protection policies. Such policies have implications for present and future land and groundwater use, in an area where the shallow sand and gravel aquifers are an important source of groundwater supplies. This paper highlights the results of the groundwater study, including aquifer characterization, groundwater susceptibility to contamination, and municipal wellhead protection areas, and outlines associated land use planning issues.

Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology