CGRG Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology
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Author : Baracos, A.; and Kingerski, D.
Date : 1998
Title : Geological and geotechnical engineering for urban development of Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Publication : Urban Geology of Canadian Cities. Edited by: P.F. Karrow. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper
Issue : 42:
Page(s) : 171-190.
Abstract
Winnipeg is located on generally flat terrain and has a relatively well-defined geology with simple stratigraphy. Yet it has many geotechnical problems, related to the stratified glaciolacustrine clay and silt that overlie till or Ordovician bedrock. Swelling clay minerals in the glaciolacustrine deposits impart high plasticity, high swelling and shrinking potentials, low residual shear strength, desiccation fissuring and high compressibility when subject to compression stresses above previous natural loadings. These factors must be considered in the design of building foundations, roads, buried utilities, excavations and embankments. River erosion, material deposition and sliding have developed complex stratigraphies and slope geometries that result in the Red and Assiniboine riverbanks being susceptible to a new or reactivated sliding. Slope stability is thus an important consideration for all riverbank developments in Winnipeg. A major carbonate aquifer in the bedrock underlies part of Winnipeg. The potentiometric surface of this bedrock aquifer is locally above the bottom of deep excavations and above low water levels in the Red and Assiniboine rivers, so, the possibility of upward hydraulic gradients must be considered when designing deep excavations for "blow-out" protection and in riverbank stability analyses. Tills in a cemented or naturally dense non-cemented condition and sound bedrock, free of karst features, support heavy foundation loads. The authors refer to two sources: a 1983 comprehensive series of maps and report published by the Geological Engineering Department of the University of Manitoba and secondly, the Winnipeg Rivers and Streams Authority computerized data bank. These include a series of records accumulated since 1952. Ongoing records are processed as they are received.
Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology