CGRG Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology
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Author : Duthie, H.C.; Yang, J.-R.; Edwards, T.W.D.; Wolfe, B.B.; and Warner, B.G.
Date : 1996
Title : Hamilton Harbour, Ontario: 8300 years of limnological and environmental change inferred from microfossil and isotopic analyses
Publication : Journal of Paleolimnology
Issue : 15(1):
Page(s) : 79-97
Abstract
Evidence demonstrates that the site of Hamilton Harbour has changed over the past 8300 years from a shallow, separate waterbody, to a deep embayment of Lake Ontario. The earliest evidence, from 8300 BP to 7000 BP, is of a mesotrophic pond of moderate alkalinity, warmer than present. An initial transitory connection was established c7000BP, 2000 yr earlier than previously estimated. Permanent confluence with Lake Ontario was established c6200 BP, causing a decline in inferred trophic level and water temperatures. Microfossils reach a maximum at 4400 BP coincident with the Nipissing Flood. Three isolated shift in the diatom spectrum at c4900 BP, 4500 BP, and 3500 BP may be associated withy extreme turbidity or storm events. Between 3200 BP and 280 BP, Hamilton Harbour was a moderately alkaline embayment of Lake Ontario. The final 280 yr sedimentary record reveals anthropogenically induced changes to the harbour.
Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology