CGRG Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology
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Author : Ewing, K.J.; Loomis, S.; and Lougeay, R.
Date : 1969.
Title : Water spout on Kaskawulsh Glacier
Publication : Icefield Ranges Research Project, Scientific Results, Editd by: V. C. Bushnell and R. H. Ragle, New York, NY, United States: American Geographical Society-Arctic Institute of North America,
Issue : 1:
Page(s) : 147-148.
Abstract
In June 1966 a vertical spout of water rose suddenly from the Kaskawulsh Glacier surface in the same area where Dewart (ibid., p. 145-146) observed several moulins; the spout lasted 7-10 sec and reached a maximum height of 4-5 m. The only sound was the noise of rushing water; there was no sharp sound of fracturing ice. Immediate investigation revealed the water had issued from a vertical fissure 7-8 cm wide and oriented perpendicular to glacier flow; in cross section the fountain of water was tabular rather than columnar. Water from surrounding slush areas began to flow into the fissure almost immediately; within two days it was apparent that a distinct circular moulin was developing. About a month later the moulin had a diameter of about 1.25 m, and there was an irregular pulsation of air from the mouth carrying aloft a fine spray of water.
Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology