ABSTRACT: The post-Wisconsinan glacial biogeography of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus): a multivariate morphometric approach for conservation biology and management.

CGRG Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology
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Abstract

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) can quantitatively partition historical and ecological information from morphometric data where these features are otherwise confounded. CCA is applied to sample site locality morphometric data and corresponding sample site locality coordinate data for bull trout. Two vectors result. The first accounts for the maximum morphometric variation correlated to geographic information specified by the locality coordinates. The second represents the remaining less correlated variation. For biogeography, the first vector generates historical hypotheses for Pleistocene glacial refugia and for post-Wisconsinan glacial recolonization patterns and phylogeographicrelationships. The second vector infers hypotheses for broad ecologicalpatterns. The historical biogeographic patterns for bull trout suggest recolonization from either two or three glacial refugia and emphasizewithin-species biodiversity in western North America. These patterns from the Chehalis and Columbia refugia are largely concordant with other analyses based on molecular genetics. The morphometric analysis also suggests the additional possibility of a Nahanni and (or) Bering refugium. The ecological patterns suggest the importance and extent of anadromy and migration within these historical groups and how this may have affected postglacial recolonization, present distributions, and life histories.

Bibliography of Canadian Geomorphology